Building Failures: Case Studies in Construction and Design

anchor bolts arches architect balcony basement bays bottom chord bracing brick walls building code building department built caissons Calif carried City clay collapse compression condition construction contractor cracks crete damage dead load diagonal eccentricity elevation engineer erected excavation failed failure occurred fell fifth floor fire floor slab footing forms formwork foundation ft high ft long ft on centers ft wide girders grillage Hotel hydraulic fill I-beams indicated injured inspection inspector investigation joists lateral live load main truss masonry masonry wall material mortar overload owner piers pilaster piles plans plate poured pressure probably purlins quonset hut reinforced concrete reinforced-concrete removed result second floor settlement shear shores shown in Fig side span splice steel beams steel columns steel erector stories stress structure subsoil supported tank tensile stress Theater timber tion top chord type of failure upper floors warehouse weight welded wood workmen York Coliseum